[SP/Grammer] Participles and Participial phrases (1)

Reduce Adverb Clauses

• Make sure that the subject of the adverb clause and the subject of the independent clauses are the same.
• Delete the subject of the adverb clause. If necessary, move it to the subject position in the independent clause.
• Change the adverb clause verb to the appropriate participle.

Retain subordinator

1. Retain before
2. Retain since when it is a time subordinator
3. Delete before, since, and as when they are reason subordinators
4. Delete as when it is a time subordinator
5. Retain after, while, and when if the participial phrase follows the independent clause
6. When the phrase is in another position, you may either retain or delete the subordinators after, while, and when

Examples

• After they had reached the peak, the mountain climbers began to suffer from acute altitude sickness.
  • After reaching / After having reached / Having reached the peak, the mountain climbers began to suffer from acute altitude sickness.
• Since they did not qualify for the Winter Olympics in 2010, the speed skating team will be entirely replaced next year.
  • Not qualifying / Not having gualified for the Winter Olympics in 2010, the speed skating team will be entirely replaced next yer.
• The students were allowed to take free music lessons at the university while they were studying English at the international school.
  • The students were allowed to take free music lessons at the university studying English at the international school.
• Because the national park lies near a heavily populated metropolis, it is overrun by tourists in the summer.
  • Lying near a heavily populated metropolis, the national park is overrun by tourists in the summer.
• Before they chose to travel to the Caribbean in August, the family should have checked the frequency of hurricanes at that time of year.
  • Before choosing to travel to the Caribbean in August, the family should have checked the frequency of hurricanes at that time of year.
• After the couple bought and renovated a mountain chalet, it was sold for triple the original price.
  • After buying and renovating a mountain chalet, the couple sold it for triple the original price.
• The residents were surprised by the sudden increase in their rent, so they decided to move to a new building.
  
  • Surprised by the sudden increase in the their rent, the residents decided to move to a new building.
• At first the hotel gave her a tiny, noisy room. Then the hotel upgraded here to the honeymoon suite.
  • Giving her a tiny, noisy room, the hotel upgraded her to the honeymoon suite.
• The resort workers were frustrated by their low wages; as a result, they went on strike.
  • Frustrated by their low wages, the resort workers went on strike.
• Because banks lost so much money in 2008, the government gave them billions of dollars in guaranteed laon.
  • Losing so much money in 2008, banks were given billions of dollars in guaranteed loan.